French. Abbreviation for Appellation d’origine contrôlée (controlled designation of origin)
A
A.O.C.
A.P. number
German. Abbreviation for Amtliche Prüfnummer which is Germany’s attempt to reduce massive confusion generated from most German wine labels. It is a unique, official number designating region, village, estate, unique bottling number, and year of tasting (usually the year after the vintage).
Acid
Acidity
The quality of tartness, sourness and sharpness that gives wine its crispiness and vitality. A proper balance of acidity must be struck with the other elements of a wine, or else the wine may be said to be too sharp (having disproportionately high levels of acidity) or too flat (having disproportionately low levels of acidity).
Acrid
A tasting term for wine with too much acidity.
Aftertaste
A tasting term for the taste left on the palate after wine has been swallowed.
Aging barrel
A barrel, often made of oak, used to age wine or distilled spirits.
Alcohol
Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is produced by the action of natural or added yeast on grape sugars during fermentation.
Altar wine
The wine used by the Catholic Church in celebrations of the Eucharist.
Alternative wine closures
Various substitutes used in the wine industry for sealing wine bottles in place of traditional cork closures.
American hybrid
Grape varieties which have been crossbred from American and European vines.
Ampelography
The branch of botany concerned with identification and classification of grapevines. Traditionally this was done by comparing the shape and color of vine leaves and grape berries. It has been revolutionized by DNA fingerprinting.
Amphora
A type of ceramic vase, used for transporting and storing wine in ancient times.
Angel’s share
The portion of a wine in an aging barrel that is lost to evaporation.
Anthocyanin
Phenolic pigments that give red wine its color.
Appellation
A recognised wine-growing region.
Aroma
The smell of a wine. The term is generally applied to younger wines, while the term bouquet is reserved for more aged wines.
Ascorbic acid
A natural component found in wine that is sometimes added to prevent oxidation occurring. If ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has been added, the wine label will show Antioxidant 300 added.
Astringent
ATF
Abbreviation for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, a United States government agency which is primarily responsible for the regulation of wines sold and produced in the United States.
Austere
Generally meant to indicate a wine that has flavors that are closed. In other words, without strong recognizable varietal or oak characters.
B
Balance
Barrel
A hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wood staves, used for fermenting and aging wine. Today these may be of cement, plastic, stainless steel or oak. Oak barrels allow the wine to mature and breath while adding natural tannin and flavors such as vanilla or toast. Sometimes called a cask.
Barrique
The French name for a 225 litre Bordeaux-style barrel (Bordeaux hogshead). Will yield 24 cases of 12 bottles each.
Baum
A measure of the sugar concentration in the juice or wine.
Beeswing
A light sediment, chiefly mucilage, a gummy substance obtained from certain plants found in Port.
Bentonite
A type of clay used in wine clarification.
Berthomeau Report
Commissioned by French Ministry of Agriculture to better position the wine industry for the future.
Biodynamic wine
Wines produced by the principles of biodynamic agriculture, a method of organic farming.
Bitterness
One of the main taste sensations, usually detected at the back of the tongue after swallowing. Phenolic substances are the main source of bitterness in wine, and come from wood (oak) and the grape.
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Glossary by Letter
The Wine Grapes of Switzerland
Müller-Thurgau
Developed in Germany by Prof. Müller (from Thurgau), this early maturing white grape variety is one of the principal white grapes cultivated in German-speaking Switzerland. Produces elegant, aromatic wines when grown in cool temperate climates. In warmer locations these qualities tend to be masked by a certain heaviness and lack of acidity.
Pinot Noir
Genetic studies have revealed that Pinot Noir is probably one of the two ancestors (the other being the humble Gouais) of some of the most important vines cultivated in Europe today. It is certainly a particularly ancient variety, and originally from Burgundy. Pinot Noir, with its associated clones, is found all over Switzerland, but it is only in the eastern region that it dominates production. It is either produced as a varietal or blended with other grapes. These blends are known as Salvagnin in Vaud and Dôle in Valais. Depending on where it is grown, it can produce a wine that is either light and fruity, or rich and full-bodied.
Altesse
More appreciated on its home turf between Lyon and Lake Geneva, it thrives in Valais
Wine comes in at the mouth And love comes in at the eye; That's all we shall know for truth Before we grow old and die. I lift the glass to my mouth, I look at you, and sigh.
William Butler Yeats
